First of all, you should read carefully and read more monograph on ancient jade. These academic works are condensed with rich knowledge. Such as the "Ancient Jade Maps" by Wu Dazheng in the late Qing Dynasty, "Complete Works of Chinese Art: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade History" of Zhang Guangwen, Hong Kong Li Yinghao's "Identification Ancient Jade" and so on. Secondly, it is very important to contact directly. Zhengu jade is old, heavy, soft, soft appearance, natural color, sharp knife workers, and moisturizing. Xinyu does not have these feelings. There were antique jade appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people forged chicken blood with rainbow grass. After the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more fakes. Too. The quality of jade is generally judged from the five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, proportion and color. The texture of jade refers to the fineness and warmth of jade. One of the differences between jade and stones is that the jade is delicate, gentle and firm, translucent, and luster like fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lack of luster, and opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade anti -external forces (such as pressure, engraving, grinding). The higher the hardness, the greater the processing difficulty, and the better the quality of the jade. Although the jade hardness index can be learned through the instrument detection of its internal crystal structure, the operation of the scratch hardness is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in my country is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than the hardness of copper and is lower than the hardness of glass. In other words, jade may not be engraved on the glass. people often distinguish gems, jade, and color stones through the hardness of treasure jade. Generally speaking, the hardness of the gemstone is above 7, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emerald gems, but Opal gemstones are exceptions, and Mo's hardness is 5.5; Such as Hetian jade, Nanyang jade, emerald; low hardness jade hardness is between 4-6, such as turquoise and sailing (some snake texture jade is lower, which can be low to 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but color stone. In addition to the hardness, there is also a hardness standard called pressure -resistant hardness, or pressure into the hardness, that is, absolute hardness. It refers to the ability of anti -external strike power, and it is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest stress hardness in nature is the black diamond, which is marked as 10 degrees, followed by Hetian jade, with the pressure resistance of 9 degrees, emerald, rubber, and sapped. Wait. In another way, Hetian jade's stress hardness is 1000, the jadeite is 500, the jade jade is 250, and the agate is only 5. Hotan jade has such high toughness, because its crystals are woven like blankets, and the force between molecules is very huge. In practice, the jade craftsmanship usually views the jade by observing the mouth of the cricket. Generally, a small piece is cut, and the small hammer is broken. Observing the fracture, which is the glass nature as strong as the toughness. The jade with strong toughness is not easy to hit the fracture. Even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; and the glass of the glass -based jade is bright through the cross section, called "bright", similar to the shape of the shell. The jade between the toughness and the glass is usually called "poor" and "meat". Through this observation, you can also observe whether the jade has the characteristics of the jade. If there is a crack or a crack, the jade will be disconnected in the direction of the explanation or crack when knocking. This, it can be seen that Hetian jade with excellent toughness, Hetian jade, is very plastic during processing. Among the treasure jade of the same Mo's hardness or higher than its Mo's hardness, Hetian jade is , The Yinjian line will never start up the collapse, so its texture is fine, warm and moist. Of course, toughness and hardness are also affected by jade impurities, and the impurities can also be understood by determining tough hardness. ——This is a relatively large factors that determine the use of a piece of jade. For example, the magazine of Yushanzi and utensils for making jade is not very strict, but as jewelry accessories, jade is required to be pure and uniform. The hardness of the Yufu Workshop suggest that the hardness of jade is one of the important basis for identifying jade, and the gloss of the treasure jade is also the basic criterion for identifying the authenticity of the treasure stones and the level of grade. In general, the luster of treasure jade can be simply classified as "Chan Guang", "Burning Light", "Flash" and "Light" in terms of light. Chan Guang is the strongest lightness. People must narrow their eyes. For example, the full reflection surface of the grinding diamond has such lightness; Generally, there is a splattered brightness; flash is the degree of light of general glass. It is divided into strong flash and weak flashes. Jade with high hardness is generally strong flash, and jade with low hardness is weak flash. The light of light. In addition to the degree of light, gloss is also one of the identification characteristics of treasure jade. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic gloss, the refractive index is between 2.6-3, such as needle iron ore; diamond luster, the refractive index is between 1.9-2.6 For example, emerald; oil luster, animal -like oil, the most famous is the sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade. Each specific treasure jade has a specific refractive index, which is difficult to replace the substance in various conditions such as hardness, density, refractive index, and brightness. Therefore, through these standards of identification, it can be possible Confirm the identity and preliminary value of a piece of treasure. The pseudo jade synthesized by jade powder through artificial high -pressure synthesis has appeared in the current market. The color and hardness are similar to Hetian jade. You must be careful when identifying. Zhengu jade includes Tuqin, limestone, water and silver Qin, corpse blood Qin, cinnabar Qin, copper Qin, surface oxidation layer, etc. Some of the pupae are fried, some are roasted, and some are eroded with chemical potion. of. It is important to find out the differences and differences between real products and crickets in terms of color, luster, thickness and other aspects. The carved lines on the surface of the jade articles are different, including V -shaped, semi -circular, and U -shaped. U -shaped is an important feature of modern machine processing. The carved lines and surface skin are bright, which is unanimous in terms of colors and pulp; the phenomenon of limel collapse on both sides of the line grooves is the characteristics of modern "machinery".
First of all, you should read carefully and read more monograph on ancient jade. These academic works are condensed with rich knowledge. Such as the "Ancient Jade Maps" by Wu Dazheng in the late Qing Dynasty, "Complete Works of Chinese Art: Jade" edited by contemporary Yang Boda, "Jade History" of Zhang Guangwen, Hong Kong Li Yinghao's "Identification Ancient Jade" and so on.
Secondly, it is very important to contact directly. Zhengu jade is old, heavy, soft, soft appearance, natural color, sharp knife workers, and moisturizing. Xinyu does not have these feelings. There were antique jade appeared in the Song Dynasty. At that time, some people forged chicken blood with rainbow grass. After the Qing Dynasty, there were more and more fakes. Too.
The quality of jade is generally judged from the five aspects: texture, hardness, transparency, proportion and color. The texture of jade refers to the fineness and warmth of jade. One of the differences between jade and stones is that the jade is delicate, gentle and firm, translucent, and luster like fat; while the stone is rough and dry, lack of luster, and opaque. Hardness refers to the ability of jade anti -external forces (such as pressure, engraving, grinding). The higher the hardness, the greater the processing difficulty, and the better the quality of the jade. Although the jade hardness index can be learned through the instrument detection of its internal crystal structure, the operation of the scratch hardness is generally used in operation. The hardness of common jade in my country is between 4 and 6 degrees, which is higher than the hardness of copper and is lower than the hardness of glass. In other words, jade may not be engraved on the glass.
people often distinguish gems, jade, and color stones through the hardness of treasure jade. Generally speaking, the hardness of the gemstone is above 7, such as diamonds, rubies, sapphires, and emerald gems, but Opal gemstones are exceptions, and Mo's hardness is 5.5; Such as Hetian jade, Nanyang jade, emerald; low hardness jade hardness is between 4-6, such as turquoise and sailing (some snake texture jade is lower, which can be low to 2.5). Minerals below 4 are generally no longer called jade, but color stone.
In addition to the hardness, there is also a hardness standard called pressure -resistant hardness, or pressure into the hardness, that is, absolute hardness. It refers to the ability of anti -external strike power, and it is also called toughness in the jade industry. The highest stress hardness in nature is the black diamond, which is marked as 10 degrees, followed by Hetian jade, with the pressure resistance of 9 degrees, emerald, rubber, and sapped. Wait. In another way, Hetian jade's stress hardness is 1000, the jadeite is 500, the jade jade is 250, and the agate is only 5. Hotan jade has such high toughness, because its crystals are woven like blankets, and the force between molecules is very huge.
In practice, the jade craftsmanship usually views the jade by observing the mouth of the cricket. Generally, a small piece is cut, and the small hammer is broken. Observing the fracture, which is the glass nature as strong as the toughness. The jade with strong toughness is not easy to hit the fracture. Even if there is a fracture, the fracture is uneven; and the glass of the glass -based jade is bright through the cross section, called "bright", similar to the shape of the shell. The jade between the toughness and the glass is usually called "poor" and "meat". Through this observation, you can also observe whether the jade has the characteristics of the jade. If there is a crack or a crack, the jade will be disconnected in the direction of the explanation or crack when knocking.
This, it can be seen that Hetian jade with excellent toughness, Hetian jade, is very plastic during processing. Among the treasure jade of the same Mo's hardness or higher than its Mo's hardness, Hetian jade is , The Yinjian line will never start up the collapse, so its texture is fine, warm and moist. Of course, toughness and hardness are also affected by jade impurities, and the impurities can also be understood by determining tough hardness. ——This is a relatively large factors that determine the use of a piece of jade. For example, the magazine of Yushanzi and utensils for making jade is not very strict, but as jewelry accessories, jade is required to be pure and uniform.
The hardness of the Yufu Workshop suggest that the hardness of jade is one of the important basis for identifying jade, and the gloss of the treasure jade is also the basic criterion for identifying the authenticity of the treasure stones and the level of grade.
In general, the luster of treasure jade can be simply classified as "Chan Guang", "Burning Light", "Flash" and "Light" in terms of light. Chan Guang is the strongest lightness. People must narrow their eyes. For example, the full reflection surface of the grinding diamond has such lightness; Generally, there is a splattered brightness; flash is the degree of light of general glass. It is divided into strong flash and weak flashes. Jade with high hardness is generally strong flash, and jade with low hardness is weak flash. The light of light.
In addition to the degree of light, gloss is also one of the identification characteristics of treasure jade. It is also divided into four categories: semi-metallic gloss, the refractive index is between 2.6-3, such as needle iron ore; diamond luster, the refractive index is between 1.9-2.6 For example, emerald; oil luster, animal -like oil, the most famous is the sheep fat white jade in Hetian jade. Each specific treasure jade has a specific refractive index, which is difficult to replace the substance in various conditions such as hardness, density, refractive index, and brightness. Therefore, through these standards of identification, it can be possible Confirm the identity and preliminary value of a piece of treasure.
The pseudo jade synthesized by jade powder through artificial high -pressure synthesis has appeared in the current market. The color and hardness are similar to Hetian jade. You must be careful when identifying. Zhengu jade includes Tuqin, limestone, water and silver Qin, corpse blood Qin, cinnabar Qin, copper Qin, surface oxidation layer, etc. Some of the pupae are fried, some are roasted, and some are eroded with chemical potion. of. It is important to find out the differences and differences between real products and crickets in terms of color, luster, thickness and other aspects. The carved lines on the surface of the jade articles are different, including V -shaped, semi -circular, and U -shaped. U -shaped is an important feature of modern machine processing. The carved lines and surface skin are bright, which is unanimous in terms of colors and pulp; the phenomenon of limel collapse on both sides of the line grooves is the characteristics of modern "machinery".